Effect of changes in average annual surface air temperature and level of international trade on the establishment rate of invasive alien insects in mainland China, the United Kingdom, and the contiguous United States during 1951–2005.

In these regression analyses, establishment rate of invasive alien insects was used as the response variable, temperature change (deviation from the 1961–1990 mean) and international trade (annual value of imported merchandise) were the explanatory variables. For model 1, the variables were expressed as an 11-year moving-average time series; and for model 2, the variables were expressed as an annual time series. In the regression for each country, import data were log transformed. CE and SE mean regression co-efficient and its standard error, respectively. Asterisks indicate that the coefficients were significant (2-tailed):*P**P***P