Singular effects of facultative symbionts on different life history traits of Acyrthosiphon pisum.

Significance of contrast tests comparing the dependent variable between the reference treatment (no facultative symbiont) with the corresponding symbiont. In brackets, the sign indicates in which manner the symbiont affects the dependent variable (+: symbiont induces an increase in the dependent variable; −: symbiont induces a decrease in the dependent variable; = : symbiont has no effect on the dependent variable).