Oral cancer registrations - WMCA

Directly age-standardised registration rate for oral cancer (ICD-10 C00-C14), in persons of all ages, per 100,000 2013 European Standard PopulationRationaleTobacco is a known risk factor for oral cancers (1). In England, 65% of hospital admissions (2014–15) for oral cancer and 64 % of deaths (2014) due to oral cancer were attributed to smoking (2). Oral cancer registration is therefore a direct measure of smoking-related harm. Given the high proportion of these registrations that are due to smoking, a reduction in the prevalence of smoking would reduce the incidence of oral cancer.Towards a Smokefree Generation: A Tobacco Control Plan for England states that tobacco use remains one of our most significant public health challenges and that smoking is the single biggest cause of inequalities in death rates between the richest and poorest in our communities (3).In January 2012 the Public Health Outcomes Framework was published, then updated in 2016. Smoking and smoking related death plays a key role in two of the four domains: Health Improvement and Preventing premature mortality (4).References:(1) GBD 2013 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risk factors in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet 2015; 386:10010 2287–2323. (2) Statistics on smoking, England 2016, May 2016; http://content.digital.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB20781 (3) Towards a Smokefree Generation: A Tobacco Control Plan for England, July 2017 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/towards-a-smoke-free-generation-tobacco-control-plan-for-england (4) Public Health Outcomes Framework 2016 to 2019, August 2016; https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/public-health-outcomes-framework-2016-to-2019Definition of numeratorCancer registrations for oral cancer (ICD-10, C00-C14) in the calendar years 2007-09 to 2017-2019. The National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service collects data relating to each new diagnosis of cancer that occurs in England. This does not include secondary cancers. Data are reported according to the calendar year in which the cancer was diagnosed.Definition of denominatorPopulation-years (ONS mid-year population estimates aggregated for the respective years) for people of all ages, aggregated into quinary age bands (0-4, 5-9,…, 85-89, 90+).CaveatsReviews of the quality of UK cancer registry data 1, 2  have concluded that registrations are largely complete, accurate and reliable. The data on cancer registration ‘quality indicators’ (mortality to incidence ratios, zero survival cases and unspecified site) demonstrate that although there is some variability, overall ascertainment and reliability is good. However cancer registrations are continuously being updated, so the number of registrations for each year may not be complete, as there is a small but steady stream of late registrations, some of which only come to light through death certification.1. Huggett C (1995). Review of the Quality and Comparability of Data held by Regional Cancer Registries. Bristol: Bristol Cancer Epidemiology Unit incorporating the South West Cancer Registry. 2. Seddon DJ, Williams EMI (1997). Data quality in population based cancer registration. British Journal of Cancer 76: 667-674.The data presented here replace versions previously published. Population data and the European Standard Population have been revised. ONS have provided an explanation of the change in standard population (available at  http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/user-guidance/health-and-life-events/revised-european-standard-population-2013--2013-esp-/index.html )

直接年龄标准化口腔癌（ICD-10 C00-C14）登记率，针对所有年龄段人群，每10万人中的人数，2013年欧洲标准人口。

论证：烟草已被确认为口腔癌的已知风险因素（1）。在英国，2014-2015年间，65%的口腔癌住院病例（2）以及64%的口腔癌死亡病例（2014年）归因于吸烟。因此，口腔癌登记是吸烟相关危害的直接指标。鉴于这些登记中有很大一部分是由于吸烟引起的，吸烟普遍率的降低将减少口腔癌的发病率。

《迈向无烟一代：英格兰烟草控制计划》指出，烟草使用仍是我们面临的最重大的公共卫生挑战之一，吸烟是我们社会中贫富死亡率差异的最主要原因（3）。2012年1月发布的《公共卫生成果框架》于2016年进行了更新。吸烟和吸烟相关死亡在四个领域中的两个领域发挥着关键作用：健康改善和预防过早死亡（4）。

参考文献：（1）GBD 2013风险因素协作组。全球、区域和国家比较风险评估79种行为、环境、职业和代谢风险或风险因素集群在188个国家，1990-2013年：全球疾病负担研究2013的系统分析。柳叶刀2015；386：10010 2287-2323。（2）英格兰吸烟统计数据2016年5月；http://content.digital.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB20781（3）迈向无烟一代：英格兰烟草控制计划，2017年7月 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/towards-a-smoke-free-generation-tobacco-control-plan-for-england（4）公共卫生成果框架2016至2019年，2016年8月；https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/public-health-outcomes-framework-2016-to-2019

定义分子：2007-09至2017-2019日历年口腔癌（ICD-10，C00-C14）的癌症登记。国家癌症登记和分析服务收集有关英格兰新诊断的癌症的数据。这些数据不包括继发性癌症。数据根据癌症确诊的日历年报告。

定义分母：所有年龄段人群的年中人口估计值（ONS）按相应年份汇总，汇总为五年龄组（0-4，5-9，……，85-89，90+）。

注意事项：对英国癌症登记数据质量进行的审查（1，2）得出结论，登记数据在总体上较为完整、准确和可靠。关于癌症登记“质量指标”的数据（死亡与发病率比率、零生存病例和未指定部位）表明，尽管存在一些变异性，但总体上确诊和可靠性良好。然而，癌症登记数据持续更新，因此每年登记的数量可能不完整，因为存在少量但稳定的迟报登记，其中一些只有在死亡证明中才会被发现。1. Huggett C（1995）。区域癌症登记处所持数据的质最和可比性审查。布里斯托尔：布里斯托尔癌症流行病学单位及西南癌症登记处。（2）Seddon DJ，Williams EMI（1997）。基于人群的癌症登记数据质量。英国癌症杂志76：667-674。

此处提供的数据取代了之前发布的版本。人口数据和欧洲标准人口已进行了修订。ONS已提供关于标准人口变化的解释（可在http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/user-guidance/health-and-life-events/revised-european-standard-population-2013--2013-esp-/index.html 获取）。