Original data of 'Carbon availability determines the stability of nitrate–vanadium co-remediation in layered biofilters'

This dataset compiles original experimental data from a study investigating the stability and functional dynamics of nitrate–vanadium co-remediation in a vertically stratified biofilter system under varying carbon availability conditions. The research is grounded in the hypothesis that carbon supply regulates electron allocation among competing redox processes, thereby influencing the long-term stability of coupled nitrate reduction and vanadium [V(V)] reduction in subsurface environments.

The dataset includes the following components:

Water quality and operational parameters:
Measurements of influent and effluent concentrations of NO₃⁻–N, NO₂⁻–N, NH₄⁺–N, V(V), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and pH over a 330-day operational period. These data reflect system performance during both carbon-sufficient and carbon-limited phases.
Reactor performance and kinetic responses:
Time-series data capturing removal efficiencies and loading capacities for nitrate and vanadium across different operational stages. The dataset documents a clear biphasic transition from synergistic co-remediation to selective denitrification associated with declining DOC levels.
Substrate characteristics and spatial stratification effects:
Information on the physicochemical properties and carbon-release profiles of stratified lignocellulosic substrates (wheat straw, corn straw, and corncob), illustrating the formation of a vertical labile-to-recalcitrant carbon gradient within the biofilter.