Green and biocompatible formulation of arbutin encapsulated alginate nanoparticle: improved cytotoxicity against melanoma cancer and potent inhibition of melanin biosynthesis and L-DOPA auto-oxidation

The elevated melanin production within the skin results in a distressing pigmentation disorder called melanoma. This underscores the importance of developing effective therapeutic approaches, such as nano-delivery systems. The primary objective of this research was to create alginate (AL) nanoparticle (NP) in gel dosage for improving targeting of arbutin (ARB) as a lightening substance to cure and manage melanoma cancer. Ionic gelation and ultrasonication method were employed to prepare ARB-AL-NP followed by In-vitro assessment of the NP. Outcomes noticed that the optimum ARB-AL-NP were in the size of 252.333 ± 11.873 nm with zeta potential −14.766 ± 0.862, greater encapsulation 89.831 ± 1.081%, and exhibited sustained release of ARB over 6 h (56%). In vitro MTT analysis confirmed that the optimum formulation had higher cell survival on the HFF cell line than kojic-acid and ARB, however, it showed a greater cytotoxic effect on the B16f10 cell line than other groups. Besides, ARB-AL-NP was established to obstruct melanogenesis to a superior level than kojic-acid and ARB and considerably suppress L-dopa auto-oxidation contrasted to kojic-acid and ARB). The outcomes of this assessment confirmed that the ARB-AL-NP could potentially serve as a prospective nanocarrier for ARB cutaneous application, thus unveiling novel approaches for addressing melanoma complaints.