Establishing germline transgenesis by retroviral transduction of Schistosoma mansoni eggs and infection of Biomphalaria glabrata snails with miracidia from virion transduced eggs.

Outcomes of replicate experiments are presented in terms of release of cercariae from snails and transgene copy numbers per nanogram of genomic DNA isolated from cercariae are presented. Eggs from (A) livers of infected mice (LIVER EGGS) or (B) and IN VITRO LAID EGGS (IVLE) were exposed to pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (MLV) virions, hatched, and snails were exposed to the resulting miracidia.*, average of 3 sheds;**, average of 7 sheds;***, average of 2 sheds;∧, average of 4 sheds. Copy numbers/ng of gDNA of four consecutive sheds were 33, 15, 3 and 0;¶, 2057 was from three snails, 479 was from the one of these three snails that survived longest;∧∧, subjected to Illumina sequencing;†cercariae were GO generation of transgenic line named IVLE_MLV_001; ND, not determined; NA, not applicable; S, soaking; E, electroporation.