Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of colistin and carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from clinical isolates, the environment and porcine samples in Pretoria, South Africa

Carbapenems and colistin are currently the last-line antibiotics of choice for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections; however, resistance to these antibiotics is increasingly being reported in clinical settings, the environment and animals. In this work, we describe the molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of colistin and carbapenems in clinical, veterinary and environmental Enterobacteriales isolates in Pretoria, South Africa.