Data from: Interseeded cover crop mixtures influence soil water storage during the corn phase of corn-soybean-wheat no-till cropping systems

Cover crop (CC) growth and biomass production in the Mid-Atlantic region can be limited following double crop soybean due slow establishment related cool fall temperatures. Interseeding CC in summer before soybean canopy closure can improve establishment and spring biomass production. This practice can also increase the diversity of available CC species, reduce weed pressure and reduce nutrient losses. This study evaluates the effects of interseeded CC on soil temperature, soil water balances, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and yield and water use efficiency of corn (Zea mays L.) phase, following soybean (Glycine max L.) The study was conducted at the USDA Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD from 2017 through 2020. The cropping systems under study were primarily sequences of corn-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-double crop soybean all planted with no-tillage management. No cover crops (NC) were grown prior to corn in Systems 3 and 4. In System 5, a cover crop (CC) mixture of rye (Secale cereale L.)-hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)-crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) was interseeded into DCS prior to soybean canopy closure. In System 6, red clover (rc, Trifolium pratense L.) was interseeded into wheat in March and rye was planted into rc after wheat harvest in July.
Resources in this dataset:

Resource Title: CCSP 2023 AGWAT Metadata
File Name: CCSP 2023 AGWAT Metadata.docx
Description: Meta information describing data collection procedures, estimation of ET and infiltration, and methods used to replace sensor data having errors.

Resource Title: CCSP Experiment Setup Info Tables 1 Through 4
File Name: CCSP Experiment Setup Info Tables 1 Through 4.xlsx
Description: File contains data from Tables 1 through 4 of the manuscript and a schematic of the crop rotation; Table 1 describes the four cropping systems; Table 2 provides corn planting and harvest dates, cumulative growing degree days (CumGDD oC), rainfall, and period of soil water measurement for the growing season; Table 3 describes the soil water sensors and soil depths measured; and Table 4 gives 10 year average monthly air temperature and rainfall (2011 to 2020). Cover crop varieties are included in an additional worksheet. [Note: file updated to include cover crop varieties worksheet on 07/21/2023]

Resource Title: CCSP Corn Yield Cover Crop Biomass
File Name: CCSP Corn Yield Cover Crop Biomass.xlsx
Description: Cover crop biomass (kg/ha) and corn yields (kg/ha) for 2017 through 2020 are provided at the replication and cropping system treatment level. Details about biomass sampling and corn harvest are contained in the manuscript.

Resource Title: CCSP ET Calc Input Output Data And Meta Info
File Name: CCSP ET Calc Input Output Data And Meta Info.xlsx
Description: Weather data used to estimate daily evapotranspiration using ETCalc, an online calculator (Danielescu, 2021 and 2022) [ https://etcalc.hydrotools.tech/pageMain.php]. The input and output data are provided in separate tabs of the excel file. The first tab provides additional meta information.

Resource Title: CCSP Weather 2017-2020 Rain And Air Temp For GDD
File Name: CCSP Weather 2017-2020 Rain And Air Temp For GDD.xlsx
Description: Daily data collected from a nearby weather station used to calculate 10-year average rainfall and temperature and used to calculate growing degree days in each growing season. Growing degree day calculations are presented in tabs for each year.

Resource Title: CCSP Soil Temperature And Soil Water By Depth
File Name: Volumetric soil water content (m3/m3) (VWC) and soil temperature data collected at 4 depths in each plot. VWC was converted to mm water per depth and summed for the soil profile (0 to 862 mm). Measurements were averaged to daily values. Soil water storage and soil temperature data are given for each replication, cropping system treatment, and horizon depth in separate tabs for each year.
Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: CCSP ET Calc Input Output Data And Meta Info. File Name: CCSP ET Calc Input Output Data and Meta Info.xlsxResource Description: Weather data used as inputs to ETCalc, an online evapotranspiration calculator (Danielescu, 2021 and 2022). The online calculator is at https://etcalc.hydrotools.tech/pageMain.php. Daily potential evapotranspiration (PET) was estimated based on the Penman Montieth method. The input and output data along with meta data to run the calculator are provided in separate tabs of the excel file. The first tab provides additional meta information. Resource Title: CCSP Corn Yield Cover Crop Biomass. File Name: CCSP Corn Yield Cover Crop Biomass.xlsxResource Description: Cover crop biomass (kg/ha) prior to corn planting and corn yields (kg/ha) data for 2017 through 2020 are provided at the replication and treatment level. Cover crop biomass sampling details are in the manuscript. Corn yields were collected via a yield monitor on the crop combine. Yields were adjusted to standard moisture content of 15.5 percent.Resource Title: CCSP Soil Temperature And Soil Water By Depth. File Name: CCSP Soil Temperature And Soil Water By Depth.xlsxResource Description: Volumetric soil water content (m3/m3) (VWC) and soil temperature data collected at 4 depths in each plot. VWC was converted to mm water per depth and summed for the soil profile (0 to 862 mm). Measurements were averaged to daily values. Soil water storage and soil temperature data are given for each replication, cropping system treatment, and horizon depth in separate tabs for each year.

Resource Title: CCSP Weather 2017-2020 Rain And Air Temp For GDD. File Name: CCSP Weather 2017-2020 Rain And Air Temp For GDD.xlsxResource Description: Daily data collected from a nearby weather station used to calculate 10-year average rainfall and temperature and used to calculate growing degree days in each growing season. Growing degree day calculations are presented in tabs for each year.
Resource Title: CCSP 2023 AGWAT Metadata. File Name: CCSP 2023 AGWAT Metadata.docxResource Description: Word document of meta information describing data collection procedures, method of estimating ET and infiltration, and description of error handling for the soil water sensor data.Resource Title: CCSP Experiment Setup Info Tables 1 Through 4. File Name: CCSP Experiment Setup Info Tables 1 Through 4.xlsxResource Description: File contains data from Tables 1 through 4 of the manuscript and a schematic of the crop rotation; Table 1 describes the four cropping systems; Table 2 provides corn planting and harvest dates, cumulative growing degree days (CumGDD oC), rainfall, and period of soil water measurement for the growing season; Table 3 describes the soil water sensors and soil depths measured; and Table 4 gives 10 year average monthly air temperature and rainfall (2011 to 2020). Cover crop varieties are included in an additional worksheet. [Note: file updated to include cover crop varieties worksheet on 07/21/2023]

在中大西洋地区，覆盖作物（CC）的生长及生物量生产在双季大豆种植后可能受到限制，这主要与秋季低温导致的缓慢建立有关。在夏季大豆冠层闭合前间作覆盖作物可以改善其建立和春季生物量生产。此做法还可增加可利用的覆盖作物物种多样性，减轻杂草压力并减少养分损失。本研究评估了间作覆盖作物对土壤温度、土壤水分平衡、蒸散量、渗透率和玉米（Zea mays L.）生长阶段及大豆（Glycine max L.）之后的产量和水分利用效率的影响。该研究于2017年至2020年在美国农业部贝茨维尔农业研究中心（Beltsville, MD）进行。研究中的耕作制度主要是玉米-大豆-小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）-双季大豆的种植顺序，均采用免耕管理。在系统3和4中，在大豆种植前不种植覆盖作物（NC）。在系统5中，在双季大豆冠层闭合前，种植了黑麦（Secale cereale L.）-毛苕子（Vicia villosa Roth）-红车轴草（Trifolium incarnatum L.）的混合覆盖作物。在系统6中，于3月间作红车轴草（rc, Trifolium pratense L.），并在7月份小麦收获后种植黑麦。