How institutions shape the economic returns to investment in European regions? (dataset and codes)

This dataset accompanies the paper "How institutions shape the economic returns to investment in European regions?". It contains the data and Stata code used to replicate the analysis presented in the paper.
Read the Readme file for detailed instructions.

Abstract: Most studies of institutional quality and regional growth assume uniform effects across territories. This masks crucial heterogeneity with direct policy implications. We use a latent class framework applied to 230 EU regions over 2009-2017 to identify institution-driven regional parameter groups, and to examine both average effects and catching-up effects associated with changes in the institutional environment. We demonstrate that institutional quality generates highly variable returns to investment in physical capital and innovation. Nordic and central European regions show highest returns to physical capital and R&D investment, whilst less developed regions benefit most from education spending. Crucially, we find that improving government quality not only raises average returns but also promotes territorial cohesion. By contrast, regional autonomy shows limited impact on returns. Our findings challenge the one-size-fits-all approach to cohesion policy and indicate that cohesion policy should explicitly promote institutional improvements in addition to capital deployment.