A Real-Time Dielectric Spectroscopy System to Control Ice Formation and Drip Loss During Food Freezing

Efficient monitoring of ice formation during freezing processes is critical for understanding phase transition dynamics in complex solutions, yet real-time, non-destructive monitoring remains a technical challenge. In this study, we developed a high-frequency dielectric spectroscopy system capable of continuously tracking changes in dielectric properties during the freezing of sucrose solutions. The system captures significant shifts in dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε′′), which strongly correlate with phase transitions in water-based solutions.