Environmental DNA haplotyping of three invasive black bass species in Japan

We developed an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based haplotyping targeting partial mitochondrial D-loop sequences to assess the genetic structure of three invasive black bass species (Northern bass, Florida bass, and Smallmouth bass) in Japan. A nationwide eDNA survey revealed their haplotype distributions, enabling the identification of invasion fronts for the recently introduced species (Florida bass and Smallmouth bass) and providing insights into the range expansion of all three species.