SensOFOREST Leaf Biochemical/Spectral and UAV Dataset

The SensOFOREST project contributed to the FORWARDS network of pilot sites by developing a comprehensive integrated system based on the combined use of ground sensors and multi-scale proximal and remote sensing. The SensOFOREST dataset (airborne hyperspectral and thermal data along with leaf biochemical/spectral measurements) were collected at Las Majadas de Tiétar Fluxnet,and ICOS-Ecosystem supersite (ES-LMa) (39°56'25 "N, 5°46'28 "W). This is a well-established, high-profile observational facility for monitoring ecosystem processes located in the north-east of the Extremadura region (Spain). The site characteristics (tree fraction cover 20%, tree density 25 trees/ha, mean DBH 46 cm) make it fully representative of these sclerophyll evergreen Quercus ilex open forest, known as “dehesa” in Spain and “montado” in Portugal. During July 1-3 2025, an intensive field campaign was performed within Las Majadas de Tiétar study site, over two different sampling areas: one ‘healthy’ area (west), where most Quercus ilex trees showed no evident signs of crown defoliation; and one ‘declining’ area (east), where defoliated trees are more abundant. From each of these sampling areas, six Quercus ilex trees were selected for exhaustive leaf-level sampling: 3 healthy trees (asymptomatic) with no or very low signs of defoliation, hereinafter referred to as non-declining trees) and 3 trees with low to moderate signs of defoliation (hereinafter referred to as declining trees). Measurements included leaf biochemical and spectral measurements over the 12 trees, 6 in each sampling area (see Readme_leaf_biochem_spectral.txt ). In addition, drone (also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles - UAV) imagery were acquired over both sampling areas with hyperspectral (Hyspex Moljir +, see README_uav_hyperspectral.md) and thermal (DJI Zenmuse H20T, see README_uav_thermal.md) sensors. File contents SensOFOREST_leaf_biochem_spectral_dataset.csv : Leaf-level biochemical and spectral measurements over tree crowns Readme_leaf_biochem_spectral.txt: Metadata and variable information for the leaf-level biochemical/spectral dataset tree_sensoforest_east.geojson : Shapefile of tree crowns sampled during field campaigns in the 'declining' i.e. East sampling area tree_sensoforest_west.geojson : Shapefile of tree crowns sampled during field campaigns in the 'healthy' i.e. West sampling area TIR_images.zip : zip file containing thermal infrared (TIR) images acquired with UAV over East and West sampling areas. README_uav_hyperspectral.md : Metadata and variable information for the hyperspectral imagery README_uav_thermal.md : Metadata and variable information for the thermal (TIR) imagery