Data_Sheet_1_Comparing the Potential of Marker-Assisted Selection and Genomic Prediction for Improving Rust Resistance in Hybrid Wheat.docx

Improving leaf rust and stripe rust resistance is a central goal in wheat breeding. The objectives of this study were to (1) elucidate the genetic basis of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in a hybrid wheat population, (2) compare the findings using a previously published hybrid wheat data set, and (3) contrast the prediction accuracy with those of genome-wide prediction. The hybrid wheat population included 1,744 single crosses from 236 parental lines. The genotypes were fingerprinted using a 15k SNP array and evaluated for leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in multi-location field trials. We observed a high congruency of putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaf rust resistance between both populations. This was not the case for stripe rust resistance. Accordingly, prediction accuracy of the detected QTL was moderate for leaf rust but low for stripe rust resistance. Genome-wide selection increased the prediction accuracy slightly for stripe rust albeit at a low level but not for leaf rust. Thus, our findings suggest that marker-assisted selection seems to be a robust and efficient tool to improve leaf rust resistance in European wheat hybrids.

提升叶锈病和条锈病的抗病性是小麦育种的核心目标。本研究旨在（1）阐明杂交小麦群体中叶锈病和条锈病抗病性的遗传基础，（2）将研究结果与先前发表的杂交小麦数据集进行比较，以及（3）将预测准确性与全基因组预测方法进行对比。该杂交小麦群体包含来自236个亲本线的1,744个单交种。利用15k SNP芯片对这些基因型进行指纹分析，并在多地点田间试验中评估其叶锈病和条锈病抗病性。我们观察到，在两个群体中，叶锈病抗病的疑似数量性状基因座（QTL）高度一致，而对于条锈病抗病性则并非如此。因此，检测到的QTL的预测准确性对叶锈病而言尚可，但对于条锈病抗病性则较低。全基因组选择虽能略微提高条锈病预测的准确性，但提升幅度有限，而对叶锈病则没有显著影响。因此，我们的研究结果表明，标记辅助选择似乎是提升欧洲小麦杂交种叶锈病抗病性的一个稳健且高效的工具。