Supplementary data: Healthcare costs and treatment patterns associated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist use among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis

These are peer-reviewed supplementary materials for the article 'Healthcare costs and treatment patterns associated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist use among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis' published in the Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research.Supplementary table 1: Codes for Study ExecutionSupplementary table 2: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists dosing classificationSupplementary table 3: Body Mass IndexSupplementary table 4: Incident diagnoses of severe liver outcomes in the follow-up periodaSupplementary table 5: Exploratory Analysis of Reasons for DiscontinuationSupplementary table 6: All-cause healthcare resource utilization in the baseline and follow-up periodsAim: While only recently approved for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), many patients with MASH have taken glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for the treatment of comorbid Type 2 diabetes (T2D) or obesity. This real-world study evaluated treatment patterns, weight loss, healthcare resource utilization, and costs among patients with MASH who initiated GLP-1 RAs. Materials & methods: In a linked electronic health records (Veradigm Network EHR) and claims (Komodo Health) dataset, we identified adults (≥18 years old) with a MASH diagnosis who initiated GLP-1 RA treatment (1 July 2018 to 30 April 2023; index date = date of the first GLP-1 RA claim). Patients with other causes of liver disease or severe complications from MASH were excluded.We required ≥12 months of continuous enrollment pre- (baseline) and post-index (follow-up). Patients were stratified into high and low-dose subgroups. We also identified a comparator cohort of patients who initiated a different class of T2D medication (DPP4, SGLT2, or sulfonylurea) during the same time period. We captured patient characteristics, change in BMI, GLP-1 RA treatment patterns, liver-related events, healthcare utilization, and costs. Results: We identified 10,316 patients with MASH who initiated a GLP-1 RA (high dose: 2043 [19.8%]; low dose: 8273 [80.2%]) and 2915 who initiated a non-GLP-1 RA T2D medication. GLP-1 RA users were 52.7 years old and 64.3% female. A 5.8% decrease in the percentage of patients with class III obesity was observed among GLP-1 RA users (10.7% among high-dose users; 0.8% among non-users). Overall, 56.1% of GLP-1 RA users discontinued during the 12-month follow-up. Total costs among GLP-1 RA users and non users were $20,912 and $19,019 in the baseline period and $27,586 and $24,917 in the follow-up period, respectively. Medical costs among GLP-1 RA users were $16,293 (baseline) and $16,886 (followup). Results were similar for high and low-dose subgroups. Conclusion: Although some patients with MASH on GLP-1 RAs, particularly those taking higher dosages, may achieve weight loss, outcomes remain suboptimal with frequent discontinuation and high healthcare costs. Real-world GLP-1 RA utilization may be insufficient for resolving chronic metabolic issues, including MASH.