Data required to support the manuscript about Aral Sea

The catastrophic desiccation of the Aral Sea has exposed nearly 6×10⁴ km² of hypersaline lakebed, intensifying dust emissions and posing severe ecological and human health risks. This study proposes a multi-criteria geospatial framework that integrates vegetation status (NDVI) with indicators of soil texture (TGSI), salinity (SSI), and moisture (NMDI) to assess vegetation-establishment potential across the desiccated seabed. Landsat time series and GlobeLand30 data were used to derive elevation-conditioned, data-driven NDVI thresholds grounded in native desert vegetation baselines and phytostabilization requirements.