Gallium Oxide (Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>): An Efficient Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for One Pot, Multi-Component Synthesis of Polyhydroquinolines
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A novel, facial, highly effective gallium oxide (Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanocatalyst was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis. The resulting gallium oxide (Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanomaterial has been successfully used as a catalyst for condensation of various aldehydes, dimedone, ammonium acetate, and ethyl acetoacetate under ethanol condition to yield polyhydroquinoline derivatives via a one-pot four-component Hantzsch condensation reaction. The products were investigated by IR, NMR, and mass spectral techniques. The desired catalyst was recycled and reused without any considerable changes in the yield.
