Unraveling stress responses of microalgal-bacterial granular sludge when treating ciprofloxacin-laden wastewater

The potential of microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) technology for treatingciprofloxacin (CIP)-laden wastewater and mitigating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)remains underexplored.This study systematically compared the performance of bacterialgranular sludge (BGS) and MBGS systems in treating CIP-laden wastewater.