COVID-19 Somali High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2021 - Somalia

Abstract
---------------------------

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its effects on households create an urgent need for timely data and evidence to help monitor and mitigate the social and economic impacts of the crisis on the Somali people, especially the poor and most vulnerable. To monitor the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and inform policy responses and interventions, the World Bank as part of a global initiative designed and conducted a nationally representative COVID-19 Somali High-Frequency Phone Survey (SHFPS) of households. The survey covers important and relevant topics, including knowledge of COVID-19 and adoption of preventative behavior, economic activity and income sources, access to basic goods and services, exposure to shocks and coping mechanisms, and access to social assistance.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

National.
Jubaland, South West, HirShabelle, Galmudug, Puntland, and Somaliland (self-declared independence in 1991), and Banadir.

Analysis unit
---------------------------

- Households

Universe
---------------------------

Households with access to phones.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

Sample allocation for the COVID-19 SHFPS has been developed to provide representative and reliable estimates nationally, and at the level of Jubaland, South West, HirShabelle, Galmudug, Puntland, Somaliland, Banadir Regional Administration and by population type (i.e. urban, rural, nomads, and IDPs populations). The sampling procedure had two steps. The sample was stratified according to the 18 pre-war regions—which are the country’s first-level administrative divisions—and population types. This resulted in 57 strata, of which 7 are IDP, 17 are nomadic, 16 are exclusively urban strata, 15 exclusively rural, and 2 are combined urban-rural strata. The sample size in some strata was too small, thus urban and rural areas were merged into one single strata; this was the case for Sool and Sanaag.

Round 1 of the COVID-19 SHFPS was implemented between June and July 2020. The survey interviewed 2,811 households (1,735 urban households, 611 rural households, 435 nomadic households, and 30 IDP households in settlements). The sample of 2,811 households was contacted using a random digit dialing protocol. The sampling frame was the SHFPS Round 1 data - the same households from Round 1 are tracked over time, allowing for the monitoring of the well-being of households in near-real time and enabling an evidence-based response to the COVID-19 crisis.

Round 2 of the COVID-19 SHFPS was implemented in January 2021. A total of 1,756 households were surveyed (738 urban households, 647 rural households, 309 nomadic households, and 62 IDP households in settlements). Of the 1,756 households, 91 percent were successfully re-contacted from Round 1, with the remainder reached via random digit dialing. Administration of the questionnaire took on average 30 minutes.

Sampling deviation
---------------------------

The target sample for Round 1 was 3,000 households. The realized sample consists of 2,811 households.
Reaching rural and nomadic-lifestyle respondents proved to be difficult in a phone survey setting due to lifestyle considerations and relatively lower phone penetration compared to urban settings. To overcome this challenge, the following were performed:
- Lowering the sample size of the rural stratum
- Reducing the number of interviews in the oversampled urban strata of Kismayo (Jubaland – Lower Juba/Urban) and Baidoa (South West State – Bay/Urban)
- Utilizing snowball sampling methodology (i.e. referrals) to increase the sample for hard-to-reach population types, namely the nomadic households.

In Round 2, initially, a sample size of 1,800 households was targeted. However, due to implementation challenges in reaching specific population groups via phone, the sample size was slightly reduced. At the end of the data collection, 1,756 households had been interviewed.

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument
---------------------------

The questionnaire of the COVID-19 Somali High-Frequency Phone Survey (SHFPS) of households consists of the following sections:

- Interview information (R1, R2)
- Household roster (R1, R2)
- Knowledge regarding the spread of COVID-19 (R1, R2)
- Behavior and social distancing (R1, R2)
- Concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic (R1, R2)
- COVID-19 vaccine (R2)
- Access to basic goods and services (R1, R2)
- Employment (R1, R2)
- Income loss (R1, R2)
- Remittances (R1, R2)
- Mortality (R2)
- Shocks and coping mechanisms (R1, R2)
- Food insecurity (R1, R2)
- Social assistance and safety nets (R1, R2)
- Interaction with internally displaced persons (R2)

Cleaning operations
---------------------------

At the end of data collection, the raw dataset was cleaned by the Research team. This included formatting, and correcting results based on monitoring issues, enumerator feedback and survey changes.

Only households that consented to being interviewed were kept in the dataset, and all personal information and internal survey variables were dropped from the clean dataset.

Response rate
---------------------------

The response rate is defined as the percentage of reached eligible households willing to participate in the survey. It is calculated as the number of interviewed households over the number of reached eligible households, thus excluding unreached households (i.e. invalid numbers or failure to contact the household) and households that were reached but were not eligible to participate in the survey (as determined by the minimum age requirement of the main respondent and sampling criteria).

The response rate for Round 1 was nearly 80 percent.
In Round 2, 91 percent of the 1,756 households surveyed were successfully re-contacted from Round 1, with the remainder reached via random digit dialing.

摘要
---------------------------
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行及其对家庭的影响，迫切需要及时的数据和证据，以帮助监测和缓解危机对索马里人民，尤其是贫困和最脆弱人群的社会经济影响。为监测COVID-19大流行对社会经济的影响，并指导政策响应和干预措施，世界银行作为全球倡议的一部分，设计和实施了一项针对索马里家庭的代表性COVID-19高频率电话调查（SHFPS）。该调查涵盖了重要且相关的话题，包括对COVID-19的认识和预防行为的采用、经济活动和收入来源、基本商品和服务获取、遭受冲击和应对机制，以及社会援助的获取。
地理覆盖范围
---------------------------
全国范围。
朱巴兰、西南部、希什巴勒、加尔穆杜格、庞特兰和索马里兰（1991年宣布独立），以及班迪尔。
分析单位
---------------------------
- 家庭