Upper Limb Kinematic Data

The file contains the normalised upper limb kinematics of 15 recumbent handcyclists. As reported in the article: STONE, B.W. ... et al, 2019. Shoulder and thorax kinematics contribute to increased power output of competitive handcyclists. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports.Abstract:Current knowledge of recumbent handbike configuration and handcycling technique is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the upper limb kinematics and handbike configurations of recreational and competitive recumbent handcyclists, during sport‐specific intensities. Thirteen handcyclists were divided into two significantly different groups based on peak aerobic power output (POpeak) and race experience; competitive (n = 7; 5 H3 and 2 H4 classes; POpeak: 247 ± 20 W) and recreational (n = 6; 4 H3 and 2 H4 classes; POpeak: 198 ± 21 W). Participants performed bouts of exercise at training (50% POpeak), competition (70% POpeak), and sprint intensity while three‐dimensional kinematic data (thorax, scapula, shoulder, elbow, and wrist) were collected. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare the kinematics of competitive and recreational handcyclists. Handbike configurations were determined from additional markers on the handbike. Competitive handcyclists flexed their thorax (~5°, P < 0.05), extended their shoulder (~10°, P < 0.01), and posteriorly tilted their scapular (~15°, P < 0.05) more than recreational handcyclists. Differences in scapular motion occurred only at training intensity while differences in shoulder extension and thorax flexion occurred both at training and competition intensities. No differences were observed during sprinting. No significant differences in handbike configuration were identified. This study is the first to compare the upper limb kinematics of competitive recreational handcyclists at sport‐specific intensities. Competitive handcyclists employed significantly different propulsion strategies at training and competition intensities. Since no differences in handbike configuration were identified, these kinematic differences could be due to technical training adaptations potentially optimizing muscle recruitment or force generation of the arm.

该文件包含了15名躺式手摇车运动员的正常化上肢运动学数据。正如文章所述：STONE, B.W. ... 等人，2019. 肩部和胸部的运动学对竞技手摇车运动员功率输出的增加作出贡献。斯堪的纳维亚医学与科学运动杂志。摘要：目前对躺式手摇车配置和手摇车技巧的认识有限。本研究的目的是评估和比较休闲和竞技型躺式手摇车运动员在上肢运动学以及手摇车配置方面的差异，特别是在特定运动强度下。13名手摇车运动员根据峰值有氧功率输出（POpeak）和比赛经验被分为两组具有显著差异的群体；竞技组（n = 7；5名H3级和2名H4级；POpeak：247 ± 20 W）和休闲组（n = 6；4名H3级和2名H4级；POpeak：198 ± 21 W）。参与者在训练（50% POpeak）、比赛（70% POpeak）和冲刺强度下进行锻炼，同时收集了三维运动学数据（胸廓、肩胛骨、肩部、肘部和腕部）。使用统计参数映射来比较竞技和休闲手摇车运动员的运动学。手摇车配置通过手摇车上的额外标记来确定。竞技手摇车运动员在胸廓弯曲（约5°，P < 0.05）、肩部伸展（约10°，P < 0.01）和肩胛骨后倾（约15°，P < 0.05）方面比休闲手摇车运动员更为显著。肩胛骨运动差异仅在训练强度时出现，而肩部伸展和胸廓弯曲的差异在训练和比赛强度时均出现。冲刺过程中没有观察到差异。没有发现手摇车配置存在显著差异。本研究首次比较了在特定运动强度下竞技休闲手摇车运动员上肢运动学。竞技手摇车运动员在训练和比赛强度下采用了显著不同的推进策略。由于没有发现手摇车配置存在差异，这些运动学差异可能是由于技术训练的适应性所致，这些适应性可能优化了肌肉募集或手臂的力生成。