Table 2 in Comparison of glucosinolate diversity in the crucifer tribe Cardamineae and the remaining order Brassicales highlights repetitive evolutionary loss and gain of biosynthetic steps

Table 2 Diversity of well-established glucosinolates (GSLs) in the tribe Cardamineae, ordered by genus and by amino acid precursor (except the category of glucose 6 ′ -acylated (“ 6 ′ - Acyl ”) that is collected for all precursors).
Well-identified (and suggested) glucosinolates by apparent amino acid precursor or substitution (and alkyl chain length for n-homoMet-derived GSLs).Genus1-3HomoMet4-6HomoMet7-8HomoMetTrpPheHomoPheValLeuIle1-2HomoIle6′-(inv./acc.) a(3–5C)(6–8C)(9–10C)/2–4homoPheAcylArmoracia b12, 73, 94, 95, 101,66, 67, 69, 88n.d.28, 43, 4811105(56)6261(54)NA(1/3 = 33%)107 (82, 84)(87)2-4homoPhe: [104], [106], [156]Barbarea c (9/29 = 31%)n.d.n.d.n.d.28, 43, 47, 48, 138n.d.40 S, 40 R, 105, 139 S, 139 R, 140, 142 R, 148n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.129, 130, 131 S, 131 R, 132 RCardamine d (22/239 = 9%)12, 24 R, 64, 72, 84, 94, 101 (24 S, 38 S, 107)66, 69, 92 (67, 87)n.d.28, 43, 47, 48, 13811, 23, 4610556, 5731, 6230, 6129, 54, 58, 141, 149n.d.Leavenworthia (2/8 = 25%)101n.d.n.d.NAn.d.10557n.d.n.d.–NANasturtium e (2/5 = 40%)12, 72 (24 R, 64, 73, 84, 101)66, 67, 69, 80, 87, 92 (88)n.d.28, 43, 48n.d.40 S, 40 R, 105n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.Planodes f (1/2 = 50%)64, 72 (94)66, 67, 69, 87, 92 (80, 88)(68, [89])43n.d.40 S, 40 R, 105, 139 Rn.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.Rorippa (9/87 = 10%)12, 24R, 64, 72, 101, 10766, 67, 69, 80 87, 9268, 77, 79, [89] (65)28, 43, 47, 48, 138n.d.105n.d.6261n.d.n.d.Selenia (1/5 = 20%)n.d.n.d.n.d.–1140, 105n.d.n.d.n.d.–NA