Distribution of patients with HAD and without neurocognitive impairment (NCI) stratified by plasma LPS levels.

AIDS patients with CD4 counts <300 cells/µl were classified based on plasma LPS levels at one (n = 41) or two (n = 17) visits into 2 groups (cutoff 79 pg/ml, the median LPS value in the AIDS cohort). The distribution of patients with HAD or without NCI in these 2 groups was analyzed for statistical significance using the Chi-square test (p = 0.007) and odds ratio (3.8, with 95% confidence interval 1.403–10.7) with Prism4 software. The distribution of patients with MCMD and without NCI in the two groups was similar (p = 0.8).