中国第37次南极科学考察（2020-2021年）南大洋微塑料观测数据

通常将环境中粒径＜5 mm的塑料颗粒称为微塑料。微塑料的化学性质稳定，可在环境中长期存在，被认为是一种新型环境污染物。海洋环境中的微塑料在洋流、潮汐、风浪等动力过程的驱动下可进行长距离的迁移，微塑料的大量累积对海洋生物和生态环境构成巨大威胁。研究发现，在远离人类活动的南北极地区也受到了微塑料污染的影响，其污染来源可能与大洋环流、大气传输、以及海洋航运等因素有关。但受到采样难度大等因素的影响，极地微塑料的研究相对较少。因此，检测南极海域微塑料的分布情况、补充微塑料数据，对微塑料污染的全球评价具有重要的科学价值。
本数据为中国第37次南极科学考察（2020年-2021）走航、CTD和拖网采集水体微塑料和沉积物微塑料的观测数据，以了解南极特定海区（普里兹湾、南极半岛）及邻区海域微塑料的赋存情况及迁移特征；为微塑料污染的全球评价提供基础数据和依据。
1.测量仪器
①仪器名称：体视显微镜、衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外显微成像光谱仪
②仪器型号：Nikon SMZ1270、PerkinElmer Spotlight 400
③标定方法：由仪器工程师按照《PerkinElmer Spotlight 400使用说明书》校准衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外显微成像光谱仪
2.观测方法和所获观测资料
2020年11月11日至2021年4月7日采集走航、CTD和拖网海水微塑料样品以及沉积物微塑料样品，并观察海洋漂浮垃圾的分布情况并记录，将样品密封、标记后，放置到-20 °C冰箱中保存。
2021年6月开始，对微塑料样品进行前处理后，用体视显微镜观察滤膜上的微塑料及疑似为微塑料的颗粒，然后用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外显微成像光谱仪确定微塑料的聚合物类型，以获得南大洋的海水和沉积物中微塑料的数据资料。
3.观测区域
南极半岛、普里兹湾。

Plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm in the environment are generally referred to as microplastics. Microplastics have stable chemical properties, can persist in the environment for long periods, and are recognized as a novel type of environmental pollutant. Microplastics in marine environments can undergo long-distance migration driven by dynamic processes such as ocean currents, tides, and wind waves. The massive accumulation of microplastics poses a significant threat to marine organisms and the ecological environment. Studies have found that polar regions far from human activities are also affected by microplastic pollution, whose sources may be related to factors such as ocean circulation, atmospheric transport, and marine shipping. However, due to challenges including high sampling difficulty, research on polar microplastics is relatively limited. Therefore, detecting the distribution of microplastics in Antarctic waters and supplementing microplastic data has important scientific value for the global assessment of microplastic pollution.

This dataset contains observational data of microplastics in water bodies and sediments collected via underway sampling, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) profiling, and trawling during China's 37th Antarctic Scientific Expedition (2020–2021). It aims to clarify the occurrence and migration characteristics of microplastics in specific Antarctic sea areas (Prydz Bay, Antarctic Peninsula) and their adjacent waters, and provide basic data and evidence for the global assessment of microplastic pollution.

1. Measuring Instruments
① Instrument Names: Stereomicroscope, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Microimaging Spectrometer
② Instrument Models: Nikon SMZ1270, PerkinElmer Spotlight 400
③ Calibration Method: The ATR-FTIR microimaging spectrometer was calibrated by instrument engineers in accordance with the *PerkinElmer Spotlight 400 Operation Manual*.

2. Observation Methods and Obtained Observational Data
From November 11, 2020 to April 7, 2021, seawater microplastic samples and sediment microplastic samples were collected via underway sampling, CTD profiling, and trawling. The distribution of marine floating debris was observed and recorded. After being sealed and labeled, the samples were stored in a -20 °C refrigerator.
Starting in June 2021, after preprocessing the microplastic samples, the stereomicroscope was used to observe microplastics and microplastic-like particles on the filter membrane. Then the ATR-FTIR microimaging spectrometer was employed to identify the polymer types of the microplastics, so as to acquire data on microplastics in seawater and sediments of the Southern Ocean.

3. Observation Areas: Antarctic Peninsula, Prydz Bay.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是中国第37次南极科学考察（2020-2021年）期间，在南大洋（包括南极半岛和普里兹湾等区域）通过走航、CTD和拖网采集的水体和沉积物微塑料观测数据，旨在分析微塑料的分布情况和迁移特征，以补充极地微塑料污染研究并为全球评价提供基础数据。数据集使用体视显微镜和衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外显微成像光谱仪进行样品分析，覆盖广泛的地理和时间范围，数据以Excel格式存储，共享方式为条件共享。