<bold>Challenges in strategic exploitation of deep-sea minerals and China</bold>’<bold>s countermeasures</bold>

Facing the new stage of strategic mining of deep-sea minerals and the long-term pressure of supply of critical minerals, China urgently needs to seize the window of opportunity for the strategic exploitation of deep-sea critical minerals and open up new sources of supply of critical minerals. Having analyzed the new global situation and challenges of the strategic exploitation of deep-sea critical mineral resources, the study attempted to clarify the supporting role of deep-sea mining in securing critical mineral supply, as well as the actual conditions and main obstacles for the strategic exploitation of deep-sea critical mineral resources in China. Based on these, the study systematically proposes countermeasures to promote the exploitation of deep-sea critical minerals, providing decision-making support for ensuring the country’s strategic mineral supply security.