Genome-wide identifcation of transcripts and miRNAs during somatic embryogenesis in <i>Pinellia ternata</i>

<i> Pinellia ternata</i> (Thunb.) Breit, a well-known Chinese medicinal plants, is mainly produced by clonal propagation. Somatic embryogenesis (SEG) is a major process for plant regeneration, however, the molecular mechanism of SEG in<i> P. ternata</i> is still unclear. In this study, genome-wide mRNAs and small RNAs analysis were performed on the samples from three key stages of <i>P. ternata</i> SEG, including explant, calli and protocorm‐like bodies. The results showed that the increase in the content of auxins, I3CA and ICA1, contributed to the regeneration of <i>P. ternata</i>; PtAUX/IAA2, PtSAUR1, PtAEC1, PtAEC2, PtAUT1 and PtAUT2 were important regulatory genes for auxins action; AP2/ERFs and other 35 TFs were important components of the regenerative regulation network of <i>P. ternata.</i> Among the 1368 miRNAs identified in this study, miR396 were the key miRNAs involved in regulating <i>P. ternata</i> SEG.