Number (%) of 92,614 Iraqi civilian deaths by perpetrator and postinvasion year: From all armed violence, from short-duration violent events, and from long-duration violent events and aggregate reports.

aDeaths from violent events of any duration that caused at least one reported civilian death and deaths from hospital and morgue aggregate reports (n = 92,614).bDeaths from short-duration violent events lasting 2 d or less that caused at least one reported civilian death (n = 60,481).cDeaths from long-duration violent events lasting over 2 d that caused at least one reported civilian death, and deaths from hospital and morgue aggregate reports (n = 32,133).dUnknown perpetrators had a civilian target of attack, while themselves being indistinguishable from civilians (e.g., sectarian and Anti-Coalition combatants and criminals that attacked civilians).eAnti-Coalition forces were identified by the presence of a Coalition-associated target of attack, as they generally did not wear uniforms or distinguishing marks in attacks.fPrimarily Iraqi police and Iraqi military forces.