Research progress on radiation-induced metal-organic framework synthesis, defect regulation, and surface functionalization

Metal-organic framework (MOF) is a porous material formed by the self-assembly of metal nodes and organic ligands, featuring a high specific surface area and tunable structure, and it is widely used in catalysis, separation, and other fields. However, traditional preparation and modification methods face challenges such as high energy consumption, long processing times, and reagent residues. In recent years, with the rise of green synthesis concepts and the integration of nuclear technology into materials science, ionizing radiation technologies represented by gamma rays and electron beams have gradually emerged as a promising approach for MOF preparation and modification. This is due to their unique energy transfer mechanisms, reactions that do not require high temperatures or pressures, and the 'clean' characteristic of avoiding additional chemical reagents. This review aims to systematically summarize and analyze the recent frontiers of radiation technology in the field of MOF research, focusing on its applications in radiation-induced synthesis, defect regulation and surface radiation-induced graft functionalization. It details the mechanisms, technical advantages, challenges faced, and provides an outlook on future development trends.