VERTICAL PREPARATION TECHNIQUE IN PROSTHODONTICS: BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS

The vertical preparation technique has gained increasing attention in contemporary prosthodontics because of its conservative approach, favorable periodontal response, and high esthetic potential. Unlike traditional horizontal finish-line preparations, vertical preparation does not create a clearly defined cervical margin. Instead, the preparation extends vertically into the gingival sulcus, allowing the restoration to shape the soft tissues naturally during healing and provisionalization. This concept became especially popular after the development of the biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT), which emphasizes the interaction between prosthetic contours and periodontal adaptation. The purpose of this article is to review the biological rationale, clinical stages, indications, advantages, and limitations of vertical tooth preparation. The article also analyzes its influence on gingival stability, emergence profile formation, and long-term prosthetic success. Current evidence demonstrates that vertical preparation may improve soft tissue esthetics and preserve periodontal health when performed correctly. However, the method requires advanced clinical skills, careful provisionalization, and close communication between clinician and dental technician.