OBJECTIVES: To establish transthoracic echocardiographic reference intervals in adult English springer spaniel dogs. METHODS: Forty-two healthy adult English springer spaniels were prospectively recru
Data represent the mean ± SEM, n = 7–8 per group. Asterisks (*) and bold indicate significant difference compared with control (P s, interventricular septum thickness during systole; IVSd, interventri
