Data_Sheet_4_Case report: Successful combination therapy with isavuconazole and amphotericin B in treatment of disseminated Candida tropicalis infection.docx

Disseminated candidiasis is a severe complication in patients with hematological malignancies who have undergone chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It has a high mortality rate. When disseminated candidiasis caused by Candida tropicalis involves either the brain or heart, the prognosis is extremely poor. Traditional methods such as cultures are limited in diagnosing disseminated candidiasis. We describe a case report of a 55-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia who developed candidemia caused by Candida tropicalis after chemotherapy, which disseminated extensively to the heart, brain, skin, liver, spleen and kidneys. In this instance, the patient was rapidly diagnosed with candida infection by metagenomic next generation sequencing, and successfully treated with combination therapy of isavuconazole and amphotericin B. The patient continued with treatment of leukemia while simultaneously receiving antifungal therapy, and both leukemia and disseminated candidiasis were effectively controlled. This case report provides real-world experience for treatment of patients with leukemia complicated by disseminated candidiasis.