Clinical characteristics of included participants (n = 99).

IQR, interquartile range; WHO, World Health Organization Stage of HIV disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; eGFR, estimated GFR; CKD-EPI eGFR, eGFR calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation; MDRD eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation; CrCl, creatinine clearance. Comorbid disease was rare; no participant had diabetes mellitus or obesity, and a single participant reported the use of antihypertensive medications.