FUNDAMENTALS AND STRUCTURES OF EDUCATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN ASIA AND WESTERN COUNTRIES

Education system management plays a critical role in ensuring the effectiveness, quality, and sustainability of national education systems. Different regions of the world adopt diverse management models influenced by historical, cultural, political, and economic factors. This article examines the fundamental principles and structural frameworks of education system management in Asian and Western countries. It explores how governance, policy implementation, administrative structures, and institutional autonomy shape educational outcomes in these regions. The study highlights the centralized characteristics of many Asian education systems and contrasts them with the decentralized and autonomous structures commonly found in Western countries. Through comparative analysis, the article identifies key strengths and challenges within both models and emphasizes the importance of balanced governance for improving educational quality and accessibility in a globalized world.