Coefficients and standard errors for the top-ranking mixed effects linear model predicting the plant biomass consumed (g/m2) in a foraging crater in winter.

Independent variables included snow water equivalent, missed opportunity costs of foraging in that meadow and not elsewhere in the landscape (), index of wolf presence (absence = 0, presence = 1) and log-transformed meadow area. A total of 255 quadrats of plant biomass were assessed in individual craters comprised in 23 meadows in Prince Albert National Park (Saskatchewan, Canada) during the winters of 1998 and 2011. Pseudo R2 = 0.66.