Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) - Japan

Abstract
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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.1 commits countries to end hunger, ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year around. Indicator 2.1.2, “Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)”, provides internationally-comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing difficulties in accessing food. More detailed background information is available at http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ .

The FIES-based indicators are compiled using the FIES survey module, containing 8 questions. Two indicators can be computed:
1. The proportion of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2),
2. The proportion of the population experiencing severe food insecurity.

These data were collected by FAO through the Gallup World Poll. General information on the methodology can be found here: https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx. National institutions can also collect FIES data by including the FIES survey module in nationally representative surveys.

Microdata can be used to calculate the indicator 2.1.2 at national level. Instructions for computing this indicator are described in the methodological document available in the downloads tab. Disaggregating results at sub-national level is not encouraged because estimates will suffer from substantial sampling and measurement error.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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Individuals of 15 years or older with access to landline and/or mobile phones.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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With some exceptions, all samples are probability based and nationally representative of the resident adult population. The coverage area is the entire country including rural areas, and the sampling frame represents the entire civilian, non-institutionalized, aged 15 and older population.
For more details on the overall sampling and data collection methodology, see the World poll methodology attached as a resource in the downloads tab. Specific sampling details for each country are also attached as technical documents in the downloads tab.
Exclusions: For landline RDD, excluded 12 municipalities near the nuclear power plant in Fukushima. These areas were designated as not-to-call districts due to the devastation from the 2011 disasters. The exclusion represents less than 1% of the population of Japan.
Design effect: 1.39

Mode of data collection
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Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing [CATI]

Cleaning operations
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Statistical validation assesses the quality of the FIES data collected by testing their consistency with the assumptions of the Rasch model. This analysis involves the interpretation of several statistics that reveal 1) items that do not perform well in a given context, 2) cases with highly erratic response patterns, 3) pairs of items that may be redundant, and 4) the proportion of total variance in the population that is accounted for by the measurement model.

Sampling error estimates
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The margin of error is estimated as 3.6. This is calculated around a proportion at the 95% confidence level. The maximum margin of error was calculated assuming a reported percentage of 50% and takes into account the design effect.

Data appraisal
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The variable WHLDAY was not considered in the computation of the published FAO food insecurity indicator based on FIES due to the results of the validation process. The variable WORRIED was not considered in the computation of the published FAO food insecurity indicator based on FIES due to the results of the validation process.

摘要
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可持续发展目标（SDG）2.1要求各国致力于消除饥饿，确保全年所有人都能获得安全、营养充足的食物。指标2.1.2，'基于食物不安全经验量表（FIES）的食物不安全普遍率'，提供了国际上可比的食物不安全人口比例的估计。更详细的背景信息可在http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ 查找。

基于FIES的指标是通过FIES调查模块编制的，包含8个问题。可以计算两个指标：
1. 经历中度或重度食物不安全的人口比例（SDG指标2.1.2），
2. 经历重度食物不安全的人口比例。

这些数据由FAO通过盖洛普世界民意调查收集。关于方法论的一般信息可在以下链接找到：https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx。国家机构也可以通过在国家代表性调查中包含FIES调查模块来收集FIES数据。

微观数据可用于在国家层面计算指标2.1.2。计算此指标的说明可在下载选项卡中找到的方法论文件中描述。不鼓励在次国家层面分解结果，因为估计将受到显著的抽样和测量误差的影响。

地理覆盖范围
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国家

分析单元
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个人

总体
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15岁或以上、能够使用固定电话和/或移动电话的个人。

数据类型
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样本调查数据[ssd]

抽样程序
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除了一些例外，所有样本都是基于概率的，并代表居民成年人口的全国性样本。覆盖区域包括整个国家，包括农村地区，抽样框架代表所有15岁及以上、非机构化的平民。
更多关于整体抽样和数据收集方法论的详细信息，请参阅附在下载选项卡中的世界民意调查方法论。每个国家的具体抽样细节也作为技术文件附在下载选项卡中。
排除：对于固定电话RDD，排除了福岛核电站附近的12个市政当局。这些地区因2011年灾害的破坏而被指定为不应拨打区域。排除的比例小于日本人口的1%。
设计效应：1.39

数据收集方式
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计算机辅助电话访谈[CATI]

数据清理操作
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统计验证通过测试FIES数据的Rasch模型假设的一致性来评估其质量。该分析涉及对几个统计量的解释，这些统计量揭示了1)在特定背景下表现不佳的项目，2)具有高度异常响应模式的案例，3)可能重复的项目对，以及4)由测量模型解释的总方差中的人口比例。

抽样误差估计
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误差范围估计为3.6。这是在95%置信水平下围绕比例计算的。最大误差范围是在假设报告百分比为50%的情况下计算的，并考虑了设计效应。

数据评估
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由于验证过程的结果，变量WHLDAY在基于FIES的FAO食物不安全指标的计算中没有被考虑。变量WORRIED由于验证过程的结果，在基于FIES的FAO食物不安全指标的计算中也没有被考虑。