IntroductionThe U. S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) Tier 1 assays are used to screen for potential endocrine system–disrupting chemicals. A model integ
Estrogens are thought to regulate female reproductive functions by altering gene transcription in target organs primarily via the nuclear estrogen receptor-α (ER-α). By using ER-α “knock-out” (ERKO) m