Osteological dorso-ventral neck range of motion.

Angles are measured in degrees, and represent the range between maximum dorsiflexion and maximum ventriflexion. An asterisk (*) indicates that joint could not be measured and therefore was estimated based on the arithmetic mean of ROM at preceding and following joint. N = newborn; A = adult; J = juvenile. CV = Cervical Vertebra. T = Thoracic Vertebra (for giraffe only). DV = Dorsal Vertebra (for Spinophorosaurus only).