Divergent pattern between phenotypic and genetic variation in Scots pine

In boreal forests, autumn frost tolerance in seedlings is a critical fitness component because it determines survival rates during regeneration. To understand the forces that drive local adaptation in this trait, we conducted freezing tests in a common garden setting for 54 Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) populations (>5000 seedlings) collected across Scandinavia into Western Russia, and genotyped 24 of these populations (>900 seedlings) at >10,000 SNPs.