Large-scale neural recordings with single neuron resolution using Neuropixels probes in human cortex

We report and load only the three successful recordings from the cortex of temporal and frontal lobes in patients undergoing brain tissue resection to treat epilepsy (Pt. 03, N=1, under general anesthesia, lateral temporal lobe) or during the implantation of DBS leads to treat movement disorders (Pt. 01 and Pt. 02; N=2, one awake (Pt. 02) and one under general anesthesia (Pt. 01), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) using Neuropixels probes. In our paper, we also reported unsuccessful recordings – and lessons learned -- from six cases performed while developing these approaches. Unsuccessful recordings were either due to electrode fracture (N=2, with the devices and pieces fully recovered) or excessive noise during the recordings (N=4). Two different types of arrays were tested. In the first two attempts, we used the original Neuropixels 1.0 probe but found it to be too fragile. Instead, we developed a variant featuring a thicker shank (Neuropixels 1.0-ST: thickness: 100µm, width: 70 µm, length: 10 mm). This version enabled considerably easier insertions and robust use during neurosurgical cases. This probe version, combined with an improved grounding and reference electrode configuration, enabled us to observe spiking activity from populations of isolatable single neurons in three participants (N=3, Pt. 01-03). As we also observed movement artifact, we include both the raw data sampled during the recording in the operating room as well as the interpolated data set (saved as a binary file) per participant for spike sorting. Further information is included in the ReadMe file: README_PaulkEtAlNeuropixels.txt Data included from:Participant Pt. 01, Neuropixels recording during a procedure for deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for treatment of a movement disorder, participant under generalized anesthesia; recording from right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Participant Pt. 02, Neuropixels recording during a procedure for deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for treatment of a movement disorder, participant awake and with monitored anesthesia care (MAC); recording from left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Participant Pt. 03, Neuropixels recording during a left anterior temporal lobectomy, under generalized anesthesia; recording from the left anterior temporal lobe. Further files are as such: A. raw recording Data, action potential (AP) band, binary file: Pt0X.imec0.ap.bin B. meta data for the raw recording Data: Pt0X.imec0.ap.meta C. raw recording Data, local field (LF) band, , binary file: Pt0X.imec0.lf.bin D. meta data for the raw recording Data: Pt0X.imec0.lf.meta F. recording Data realigned to adjust for movement using MANUAL approaches, action potential (AP) band, binary file: Pt0X_aligned_0.bin G. recording Data realigned to adjust for movement using AUTOMATIC DREDge approaches, action potential (AP) band, .dat binary file: Pt0X_DREDgealigned_0.dat with tracked motion and a channel map NOTE: For the Pt. 01 data set, the beginning included adjusting the ground and reference and inserting the electrode. For this reason, the aligned data for sorting (Pt01_aligned_0.bin) starts 330 sec into the recording. NOTE: For the Pt. 02 data set, the beginning included adjusting the ground and reference and inserting the electrode. For this reason, the aligned data for sorting (Pt02_aligned_0.bin) starts 220 sec into the recording.