Analysis of Qris Implementation Challenges in MSMEs Within Campus and School Environments in Indonesia

Indonesia's modern digital payment systems, including QRIS and electronic wallet platforms such as GoPay, OVO, DANA, and ShopeePay, have transformed transactions inside educational institutions. School enrolment remains languid despite institutional advocacy for non-cash economics. The use of digital payments is examined among elementary school kids in classroom environments and undergraduate students, the principal users. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) introduced by Davis (1989) includes Digital Literacy, Infrastructure Quality, Security Perception and Trust, Ease of Use, Usefulness, and Behavioral Intention. Indonesian students and instructors conducted a Likert scale assessment. This PLS-SEM study with SmartPLS bootstrap examined the suggested relationships. Path coefficients between -0.165 and 0.229, together with T-statistic values under 1.96, indicate that all seven hypothesized structural pathways are statistically unimportant (p > 0.05). In three designs (H1 = −0.116; H3 = −0.097; H7 = −0.143), Cronbach's Alpha is negative, the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) is below 0.233, and the endogenous R² is as low as 0.004. This conclusion stems from the measuring model of deficiencies, namely the existence of reverse-coded questionnaire questions that were not recoded before analysis, rather than theoretical population correlations. This study presents three notable contributions despite little data. This study precisely delineates the influence of reverse scoring errors on PLS-SEM outer loadings, reliability evaluations, and structural coefficients. The consistent trend from H5 to H6 (β = 0.229) and the external loading suggestion for H6.3 (0.892) indicate that the construct of Perceived Usefulness and Behavioral Intention is valid, necessitating additional exploration with improved methodology. The contextual adoption of digital payments in Indonesian schools is hindered by digital literacy challenges, insufficient network infrastructure, student resistance to laws (such as unauthorized QRIS fees), and rising student debt. Future research should systematically perform item recoding, distinguish between merchant and customer samples for multi-group analysis, increase the minimum sample size to 150-200 per group, and include the theoretically relevant UTAUT2 constructs—Social Influence, Hedonic Motivation, and Habit—for campus consumers. Improve school Wi-Fi, provide instruction on digital literacy, and supervise Bank Indonesia's QRIS fees on campus.