Investigating the effects of different HMGB1 redox isoforms on macrophage polarization

Macrophages are key inflammatory immune cells that display dynamic phenotypes and functions in response to their local microenvironment. In different conditions, macrophage polarization can be induced by high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear DNA-binding protein that activates innate immunity. This study investigated the phenotypes of murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) induced by different HMGB1 redox isoforms via bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Comparative gene expression profiling analysis of RNA-seq data for HMGB1-treated BMDM cells with M1 and LPS-treated BMDM cells, using PBS as control.