Well-established causal links exist between maternal nutritional deficits and embryo health and viability. By contrast, environmental effects operating through the father that could influence embryo m
aP value measured by Fisher's exact test. bNegative control for the ELA. cPositive control for the ELA. dData mean the number of dead embryos/total number of embryos tested. Mortality rates among chic
Well-established causal links exist between maternal nutritional deficits and embryo health and viability. In contrast, environmental effects operating through the father that could influence embryo m