The phytochemical characteristics of Swertia mussotii Franch. and the potential for treating neuroinflammation in vitro through the NF-κB pathway

Microglial activation is a key driver of neuroinflammation, rendering it a critical therapeutic target. This study explored the neuroprotective potential of compounds derived from Swertia mussotii Franch. against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation. Eleven compounds were isolated from this plant. Screening using an LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cell model identified amarogentin (AMG) as exhibiting significant protective effects. Subsequent mechanistic investigations revealed that AMG effectively mitigated LPS-induced morphological changes associated with microglial activation and suppressed the release of nitric oxide (NO) (p p p p p p via suppression of the NF-κB signalling pathway.