Direct detection of inosines in native RNA with nanopore sequencing

Here, we show that Oxford Nanopore direct RNA-seq can be used to detect inosines in native RNA transcripts with high accuracy. We trained a convolutional neural network model to distinguish inosine from adenosine and guanosine and demonstrated its utility on the transcriptomes of human, mouse, and Xenopus. Our approach expands the toolkit for the study of A-to-I RNA editing and can be extended to investigate other RNA modifications.