Source data for graphs in this study.

Auxin is an important class of plant hormones that play an important role in plant growth development, biotic stress response, and viruses often suppress host plant auxin levels to promote infection. However, previous research on auxin-mediated disease resistance has focused mainly on signaling pathway, and the molecular mechanisms of how pathogenic proteins manipulate the biosynthetic pathway of auxin remain poorly understood. TCP is a class of plant-specific transcription factors, of which TCP17 is a member that binds to the promoter of YUCCAs, a key rate-limiting enzyme for auxin synthesis, and promotes the expression of YUCCAs, which is involved in auxin synthesis in plants. In this study, we reported that Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection suppressed the expression of YUCCAs through its interaction with TCP17. Further studies revealed that the NSs protein encoded by TSWV disrupts the dimerization of TCP17, thereby inhibit its transcriptional activation ability and reducing the auxin content in plants. Consequently, this interference inhibits the auxin response signal and promotes the TSWV infection. Transgenic plants overexpressing TCP17 exhibit resistance against TSWV infection, whereas plants knocking out TCP17 were more susceptible to TSWV infection. Additionally, proteins encoded by other RNA viruses (BSMV, RSV and TBSV) can also interact with TCP17 and interfere with its dimerization. Notably, overexpression of TCP17 enhanced resistance against BSMV. This suggests that TCP17 plays a crucial role in plant defense against different types of plant viruses that use viral proteins to target this key component of auxin synthesis and promote infection.