P21+TREM2+-Senescent Macrophages Fuel Inflammaging and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease [RNAseq_MASHABT263]

Cellular senescence drives chronic sterile inflammation during aging via the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP); however, the cell types responsible for this pathology remain poorly defined. Here, we identify p21?Trem2? senescent macrophages as a major source of inflammaging. Using primary mouse and human macrophages, we developed a model of DNA damage and cholesterol-induced senescence and applied multi-omic profiling to fully characterize senescent macrophages. We found that senescent macrophages exhibit a distinctive p21-TREM2 expression profile and SASP, driven in part by type-I interferon signaling via secreted mitochondrial DNA. We also found that senescent macrophage accumulation occurs in aged and MASLD mouse livers and is enriched in human cirrhotic liver tissue. Finally, senolytic treatment targeting senescent macrophages reduced liver inflammation and steatosis in both aged and MASLD mice. Together, these findings establish macrophage senescence as a central driver of chronic inflammation in aging and metabolic liver disease, highlighting a promising, tractable therapeutic target. Overall design: APOE*Leiden-CETP mice crossed to a C57BL/6J background were placed on a HFHCD. Starting at week 12 of the HFHCD, mice were either treated with vehicle or ABT-263 diluted in 10% ethanol, 30% polyethylene glycol 400 (Sigma, 807485) and 60% Phosal 50 PG (Medchem Express, HY-Y1903). ABT-263 was administered by oral gavage at 50 mg per kg body weight per day (mg kg-1 d-1) for 7 consecutive days with a 2-week break or interval between another 7-day cycle. Tissues were harvested week 17 of the HFHCD, 1-week after the last dose of ABT-263.