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Weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, are crucial in enzyme catalysis. Here, we develop AuPd alloy nanoparticle catalysts encapsulated by a porous organic framework shell that mimics the outer coordination sphere of an enzyme. Various hydrogen bond acceptors (C=O, S=O, and N-O groups) were imparted in the shell. Benzyl alcohol oxidation rate vs. the hydrogen bond acceptor strength follows a volcano behavior, reminiscent of Sabatier's principle. The performance variation among catalysts is attributed to the adsorption strength of the substrate. The proposed bio-inspired design principle expands the scope of encapsulated catalysts, enabling fine regulation of catalytic activity through precise microenvironment control via weak interactions with substrates.