Data from: Comprehensive morphological approach to the phylogeny of Pseudophasmatidae (Phasmatodea) redefines Pseudophasma and reveals 10 new genera.

The Pseudophasmatidae are stick insects native to Americas divided into the subfamilies Pseudophasmatinae, Stratocleinae and Xerosomatinae. Its type genus Pseudophasma Kirby currently comprises 50 species distributed from Belize to southern South America, most of them occurring in the Amazon Forest. The genus is extremely heterogeneous showing morphological diversity and is still poorly delimited. Although included in some phylogenetic analyses with a wide scope, a more comprehensive phylogeny for Pseudophasma is still lacking. Aiming to better delimit the genus, as well as to resolve affinities of morphologically divergent species that may represent distinct genera, we conducted a taxonomic revision and present the first phylogenetic analysis of all species of Pseudophasma. The analysis was conducted under TNT under implied weighting with k = 22, resulting in a single most parsimonious tree. The family Pseudophasmatidae and its subfamilies were recovered as monophyletic, with Xerosomatinae sister to Stratocleinae + Pseudophasmatinae. We present synapomorphic characteristics for the three subfamilies. Pseudophasma was recovered as polyphyletic. Reflecting our results, we provide an updated classification of the group and describe 10 new genera and 14 new species. Supplementary Document S1 provides a full summary of taxonomic changes and a checklist resulting from this study.