Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions (1751 - 2009) (V. 2012)

Publications containing historical energy statistics make it possible to estimate fossil fuel CO2 emissions back to 1751. Etemad et al. (1991) published a summary compilation that tabulates coal, brown coal, peat, and crude oil production by nation and year. Footnotes in the Etemad et al.(1991) publication extend the energy statistics time series back to 1751. Summary compilations of fossil fuel trade were published by Mitchell (1983, 1992, 1993, 1995). Mitchell's work tabulates solid and liquid fuel imports and exports by nation and year. These pre-1950 production and trade data were digitized and CO2 emission calculations were made following the procedures discussed in Marland and Rotty (1984) and Boden et al. (1995). Further details on the contents and processing of the historical energy statistics are provided in Andres et al. (1999). The 1950 to present CO2 emission estimates are derived primarily from energy statistics published by the United Nations (2012), using the methods of Marland and Rotty (1984). The energy statistics were compiled primarily from annual questionnaires distributed by the U.N. Statistical Office and supplemented by official national statistical publications. As stated in the introduction of the Statistical Yearbook, "in a few cases, official sources are supplemented by other sources and estimates, where these have been subjected to professional scrutiny and debate and are consistent with other independent sources." Data from the U.S. Department of Interior's Geological Survey (USGS 2011) were used to estimate CO2 emitted during cement production. Values for emissions from gas flaring were derived primarily from U.N. data but were supplemented with data from the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (1994), Rotty (1974), and data provided by G. Marland. Greater details about these methods are provided in Marland and Rotty (1984), Boden et al. (1995), and Andres et al. (1999).

包含历史能源统计数据的文献，可将化石燃料二氧化碳（CO₂）排放量的估算回溯至1751年。Etemad等人（1991）发布了一份汇总统计数据集，按国家和年份列示了煤炭、褐煤、泥炭及原油的产量。该文献的脚注将能源统计时间序列的覆盖范围延伸至1751年。Mitchell（1983、1992、1993、1995）先后发布了多份化石燃料贸易汇总数据集，其研究按国家和年份统计了固体及液体燃料的进出口量。上述1950年之前的产量与贸易数据已完成数字化处理，并依照Marland与Rotty（1984）、Boden等人（1995）提出的方法开展了二氧化碳排放量计算。Andres等人（1999）的研究中提供了历史能源统计数据的内容与处理流程的更多细节。1950年至今的二氧化碳排放量估算值，主要基于联合国（United Nations，2012）发布的能源统计数据，并采用了Marland与Rotty（1984）提出的计算方法。该能源统计数据主要由联合国统计司发放的年度问卷汇编而成，并辅以各国官方统计出版物的相关数据。正如《统计年鉴》引言中所述："在少数情况下，官方数据源会辅以其他经过专业审查与论证、且与其他独立数据源保持一致的数据源与估算值。"美国内政部地质调查局（USGS，2011）的数据被用于估算水泥生产过程中产生的二氧化碳排放量。天然气燃除产生的排放量数值主要源自联合国数据，同时辅以美国能源部能源信息署（1994）、Rotty（1974）以及G. Marland提供的相关数据。关于上述方法的更多细节，可参见Marland与Rotty（1984）、Boden等人（1995）及Andres等人（1999）的研究文献。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了1751年至2009年全球、区域和国家化石燃料二氧化碳排放的历史估算数据，基于多种历史能源统计出版物和联合国统计数据，采用标准化的排放计算方法，涵盖煤炭、原油、水泥生产等多个排放源。