Pressure and Water Quality Integrated Sensor Placement Considering Leakage and Contamination Intrusion within Water Distribution Systems

Integrated
sensors are installed in water distribution systems
for the real-time detection of pipe leakage and contamination. We
design a novel strategy for sensor placement to monitor leakages and
contaminant intrusion, ensuring stability and sanitation. First, the
fuzzy C-means algorithm divides junctions into different classes.
Second, various leakage events and contaminant intrusion events are
generated. Then, one of the junctions in each cluster is selected
randomly for the integrated sensors that experience these events to
acquire the global identification metric values. The events are used
as optimization objectives for deploying sensors by the evolutionary
algorithm (EA) module. Different sensor failure scenarios are also
generated and tested by the EA module. A sensor ranking method is
used to select the optimal locations of sensors after considering
the probability of each scenario occurring. Furthermore, two cases
are employed to verify the reliability of this method, and two modelsleakage
zone identification and the water quality sensor placement strategyare
used for comparison. It is confirmed that the objective functions
and computation time of the proposed model are superior to those of
the other models, and the total number of detections and the detection
stability are improved.