Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Hao9 exerts antidiabetic effects via regulation of the gut microbiome and glucagon metabolism in mice with type 2 diabetic mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that has led to a significant global public health burden. In this work, we investigated the effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Hao9 on T2DM in mice with high-fat diet- and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (diabetic mice) and explored the underlying mechanisms.