Dataset for: Nighttime Light and Urbanization Regulate Vegetation Phenology in Beijing (2001–2024)

This dataset provides remote sensing-derived vegetation phenology and urban environmental variables for Beijing, China, covering the period 2001–2024. Vegetation phenology metrics, including the start of season (SOS) and end of season (EOS), were extracted from the MODIS MCD12Q2 Version 6.1 annual phenology product (500 m resolution) via programmatic processing on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Only pixels with the highest quality assurance (QA) levels were retained, and cloud-contaminated, snow-covered, and anomalous noise pixels were removed. Daytime land surface temperature (DLST) and nighttime land surface temperature (NLST) were derived from the MOD11A2 Version 6.1 8-day composite product. Pixels with estimated LST errors greater than 2 K were excluded using the provided quality control (QC) information. Nighttime light (NTL) intensity data were obtained from the Yangtze River Delta Science Data Center, National Earth System Science Data Sharing Infrastructure, National Science & Technology Infrastructure of China (http://geodata.nnu.edu.cn/), with an approximate spatial resolution of 500 m. The urban form (UF) indicator was constructed based on the China Land Cover Dataset (CLCD, 1985–2025) at 30 m resolution.This integrated dataset supports the analysis of spatiotemporal dynamics and driving mechanisms of urban vegetation phenology under the coupled influences of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances.